Senate roll call 465 · 103rd Congress · Mar 24, 1994
A bill to improve learning and teaching by providing a national framework for education reform; to promote the research, consensus building, and systemic change
On Mar 24, 1994, the Senate voted 60–31 on “On the Motion to Proceed” (HR 1804). Result: Motion to Proceed Agreed to. By party: Democrats 49–0, Republicans 11–31. It was a split vote: the parties took opposite sides, with some members crossing over. 11 members voted against their own party.
During the 103rd Congress (1993–1994), Bill Clinton was president, and Democrats held majorities in both the House and Senate.
- Result
- Motion to Proceed Agreed to
- Yes
- 60
- No
- 31
- Did not vote
- 11
- Date
- Mar 24, 1994
By party
- Republicans11 yes · 31 no · 3 didn’t vote
- Democrats49 yes · 0 no · 8 didn’t vote
Who broke with their party
- Nancy Landon Kassebaum R-KS voted yes
- William Sebastian Cohen R-ME voted yes
- David Ferdinand Durenberger R-MN voted yes
- Christopher Samuel (Kit) Bond R-MO voted yes
- John Claggett Danforth R-MO voted yes
- Pete Vichi Domenici R-NM voted yes
- Mark Odom Hatfield R-OR voted yes
- Arlen Specter R-PA voted yes
- John Hubbard Chafee R-RI voted yes
- James Merrill Jeffords R-VT voted yes
- Thomas Slade Gorton III (Slade) R-WA voted yes
The bill
How each senator voted: Yes
- Howell Thomas Heflin D-AL
- Dale Bumpers D-AR
- David Hampton Pryor D-AR
- Barbara Boxer D-CA
- Dianne Feinstein D-CA
- Ben Nighthorse Campbell D-CO
- Christopher John Dodd D-CT
- Joseph I. Lieberman D-CT
- Daniel Robert (Bob) Graham D-FL
- Daniel Kahikina Akaka D-HI
- Daniel Ken Inouye D-HI
- Thomas Richard (Tom) Harkin D-IA
- Carol Moseley Braun D-IL
- Paul Martin Simon D-IL
- Nancy Landon Kassebaum R-KS
- Wendell Hampton Ford D-KY
- John Berlinger Breaux D-LA
- Edward Moore (Ted) Kennedy D-MA
- John Forbes Kerry D-MA
- Barbara Ann Mikulski D-MD
- Paul Spyros Sarbanes D-MD
- George John Mitchell D-ME
- William Sebastian Cohen R-ME
- Carl Levin D-MI
- Donald Wayne Riegle Jr. D-MI
- David Ferdinand Durenberger R-MN
- Paul David Wellstone D-MN
- Christopher Samuel (Kit) Bond R-MO
- John Claggett Danforth R-MO
- Max Sieben Baucus D-MT
- Byron Leslie Dorgan D-ND
- Kent Conrad D-ND
- J. James Exon D-NE
- J. Robert Kerrey D-NE
- Frank Raleigh Lautenberg D-NJ
- William Warren (Bill) Bradley D-NJ
- Jesse Francis (Jeff) Bingaman Jr. D-NM
- Pete Vichi Domenici R-NM
- Harry Reid D-NV
- Richard H Bryan D-NV
- Daniel Patrick Moynihan D-NY
- John Herschel Glenn Jr. D-OH
- Mark Odom Hatfield R-OR
- Arlen Specter R-PA
- Harris Wofford D-PA
- Claiborne de Borda Pell D-RI
- John Hubbard Chafee R-RI
- Ernest Frederick (Fritz) Hollings D-SC
- Thomas Andrew Daschle D-SD
- Harlan Mathews D-TN
- James Ralph Sasser D-TN
- Charles Spittal Robb D-VA
- James Merrill Jeffords R-VT
- Patrick Joseph Leahy D-VT
- Patty Murray D-WA
- Thomas Slade Gorton III (Slade) R-WA
- Herbert H. Kohl D-WI
- Russell Dana Feingold D-WI
- John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV D-WV
- Robert Carlyle Byrd D-WV
How each senator voted: No
- Frank Hughes Murkowski R-AK
- Theodore Fulton (Ted) Stevens R-AK
- John Sidney Mccain III R-AZ
- George Hanks (Hank) Brown R-CO
- William Victor Roth Jr. R-DE
- Connie Mack III R-FL
- Paul Coverdell R-GA
- Charles Ernest Grassley R-IA
- Dirk Kempthorne R-ID
- Larry Edwin Craig R-ID
- Daniel Ray Coats R-IN
- Richard Green Lugar R-IN
- Robert Joseph (Bob) Dole R-KS
- Addison Mitchell (Mitch) Mcconnell R-KY
- Chester Trent Lott R-MS
- William Thad Cochran R-MS
- Conrad Burns R-MT
- Duncan McLauchlin (Lauch) Faircloth R-NC
- Jesse Helms R-NC
- Judd Alan Gregg R-NH
- Robert C. Smith R-NH
- Donald Lee Nickles R-OK
- Robert William Packwood R-OR
- James Strom Thurmond R-SC
- Larry Lee Pressler R-SD
- Kathryn Ann Bailey (Kay) Hutchison R-TX
- William Philip (Phil) Gramm R-TX
- Orrin Grant Hatch R-UT
- Robert Foster (Bob) Bennett R-UT
- John William Warner R-VA
- Alan Kooi Simpson R-WY
Did not vote
Other votes
From Voteview roll call records.
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Capitol Receipts, “A bill to improve learning and teaching by…: Senate Vote, Mar 24, 1994,” https://www.capitolreceipts.com/vote/103-S-465/a-bill-to-improve-learning-and-teaching-by-providing (accessed 2026-10-15).