House roll call 1044 · 103rd Congress · Sep 30, 1994
Improving america’s school act
On Sep 30, 1994, the House voted 262–132 on “On Agreeing to the Conference Report” (HR 6). Result: Passed. By party: Democrats 230–4, Republicans 31–128, Independents 1–0. It was a split vote: the parties took opposite sides, with some members crossing over. 35 members voted against their own party.
During the 103rd Congress (1993–1994), Bill Clinton was president, and Democrats held majorities in both the House and Senate.
- Result
- Passed
- Yes
- 262
- No
- 132
- Did not vote
- 52
- Date
- Sep 30, 1994
By party
- Republicans31 yes · 128 no · 21 didn’t vote
- Democrats230 yes · 4 no · 31 didn’t vote
- Independents1 yes · 0 no
Who broke with their party
- William Marshall Thomas R-CA voted yes
- Michael Huffington R-CA voted yes
- John Stephen (Steve) Horn R-CA voted yes
- Randall (Duke) Cunningham R-CA voted yes
- Christopher H. Shays R-CT voted yes
- Gary A. Franks R-CT voted yes
- Nancy Lee Johnson R-CT voted yes
- Michael Newbold Castle R-DE voted yes
- Ileana Ros-Lehtinen R-FL voted yes
- Lincoln Diaz-Balart R-FL voted yes
- John Nathan Deal D-GA voted no
- James Albert Smith Leach R-IA voted yes
- James Allen Nussle R-IA voted yes
- John Edward Porter R-IL voted yes
- Jan Meyers R-KS voted yes
- Harold Dallas (Hal) Rogers R-KY voted yes
- Peter I. Blute R-MA voted yes
- Peter Gerard Torkildsen R-MA voted yes
- Constance A. Morella R-MD voted yes
- Olympia Jean Snowe R-ME voted yes
- Christopher Henry Smith R-NJ voted yes
- Barbara Farrell Vucanovich R-NV voted yes
- Enrico A. (Rick) Lazio R-NY voted yes
- Susan Molinari R-NY voted yes
- Hamilton Fish Jr. R-NY voted yes
- Benjamin Arthur Gilman R-NY voted yes
- Sherwood Louis Boehlert R-NY voted yes
- James T. Walsh R-NY voted yes
- John Francis (Jack) Quinn R-NY voted yes
- Paul Eugene Gillmor R-OH voted yes
- Ronald K. Machtley R-RI voted yes
- Charles Walter Stenholm D-TX voted no
- Peter William Barca D-WI voted no
- Scott L. Klug R-WI voted yes
- David Ross Obey D-WI voted no
The bill
How each representative voted: Yes
- John Glen Browder D-AL
- Tom Bevill D-AL
- Robert E. (Bud) Cramer Jr. D-AL
- Earl Frederick Hilliard D-AL
- Blanche Lambert Lincoln D-AR
- Raymond Hoyt (Ray) Thornton Jr. D-AR
- Samuel G. Coppersmith D-AZ
- Ed Pastor D-AZ
- Karan English D-AZ
- Daniel Hamburg D-CA
- Victor Herbert Fazio Jr. D-CA
- Robert T. Matsui D-CA
- Lynn C. Woolsey D-CA
- George Miller D-CA
- Nancy Pelosi D-CA
- Ronald V. Dellums D-CA
- Fortney Hillman (Pete) Stark Jr. D-CA
- Anna Georges Eshoo D-CA
- William Donlon (Don) Edwards D-CA
- Sam Farr D-CA
- Gary Adrian Condit D-CA
- Richard Henry Lehman D-CA
- Calvin M. Dooley D-CA
- William Marshall Thomas R-CA
- Michael Huffington R-CA
- Anthony Charles Beilenson D-CA
- Henry Arnold Waxman D-CA
- Xavier Becerra D-CA
- Matthew G. Martínez D-CA
- Julian Carey Dixon D-CA
- Lucille Roybal-Allard D-CA
- Esteban Edward Torres D-CA
- Maxine Waters D-CA
- Jane L. Harman D-CA
- Walter R. Tucker III D-CA
- John Stephen (Steve) Horn R-CA
- George Edward Brown Jr. D-CA
- Lynn Schenk D-CA
- Bob Filner D-CA
- Randall (Duke) Cunningham R-CA
- Patricia Scott Schroeder D-CO
- David Evans Skaggs D-CO
- Barbara Bailey Kennelly D-CT
- Samuel Gejdenson D-CT
- Rosa L. Delauro D-CT
- Christopher H. Shays R-CT
- Gary A. Franks R-CT
- Nancy Lee Johnson R-CT
- Michael Newbold Castle R-DE
- Douglas Brian (Pete) Peterson D-FL
- Corrine Brown D-FL
- Karen L. Thurman D-FL
- James Bacchus D-FL
- Carrie P. Meek D-FL
- Ileana Ros-Lehtinen R-FL
- Peter R. Deutsch D-FL
- Lincoln Diaz-Balart R-FL
- Alcee Lamar Hastings D-FL
- Sanford Dixon Bishop Jr. D-GA
- John R. Lewis D-GA
- George (Buddy) Darden D-GA
- James Roy Rowland Jr. D-GA
- Clete Donald Johnson Jr. (Don) D-GA
- Cynthia Ann Mckinney D-GA
- Neil Abercrombie D-HI
- Patsy Takemoto Mink D-HI
- James Albert Smith Leach R-IA
- James Allen Nussle R-IA
- Neal Edward Smith D-IA
- Larry Larocco D-ID
- Bobby L. Rush D-IL
- Mel Reynolds D-IL
- Luis V. Gutiérrez D-IL
- Daniel David Rostenkowski D-IL
- Cardiss Collins D-IL
- Sidney Richard Yates D-IL
- John Edward Porter R-IL
- George Edward Sangmeister D-IL
- Jerry Francis Costello D-IL
- Lane Allen Evans D-IL
- Glenn Poshard D-IL
- Richard Joseph Durbin D-IL
- Peter Visclosky D-IN
- Philip Riley Sharp D-IN
- Timothy John Roemer D-IN
- Jill Lynette Long D-IN
- Francis Xavier Mccloskey D-IN
- Lee Herbert Hamilton D-IN
- Andrew Jacobs Jr. D-IN
- Jan Meyers R-KS
- Daniel Robert Glickman D-KS
- Thomas J. Barlow III D-KY
- Romano Louis Mazzoli D-KY
- Harold Dallas (Hal) Rogers R-KY
- Henry Scott (Scotty) Baesler D-KY
- William Jennings Jefferson D-LA
- Wilbert Joseph (Billy) Tauzin D-LA
- John Walter Olver D-MA
- Richard Edmund Neal D-MA
- Peter I. Blute R-MA
- Barney Frank D-MA
- Martin Thomas Meehan D-MA
- Peter Gerard Torkildsen R-MA
- Edward John Markey D-MA
- Joseph Patrick Kennedy II D-MA
- John Joseph Moakley D-MA
- Gerry Eastman Studds D-MA
- Benjamin Louis Cardin D-MD
- Albert Russell Wynn D-MD
- Steny Hamilton Hoyer D-MD
- Kweisi Mfume D-MD
- Constance A. Morella R-MD
- Thomas Hiram Andrews D-ME
- Olympia Jean Snowe R-ME
- Bart T. Stupak D-MI
- James A. Barcia D-MI
- Milton Robert (Bob) Carr D-MI
- Dale Edward Kildee D-MI
- David Edward Bonior D-MI
- Sander Martin Levin D-MI
- William David Ford D-MI
- John Conyers Jr. D-MI
- Barbara-Rose Collins D-MI
- John David Dingell Jr. D-MI
- Timothy Joseph Penny D-MN
- David R. Minge D-MN
- Bruce Frank Vento D-MN
- Martin Olav Sabo D-MN
- Collin Clark Peterson D-MN
- James Louis Oberstar D-MN
- William Lacy Clay Sr. D-MO
- Richard Andrew Gephardt D-MO
- Isaac Newton Skelton IV (Ike) D-MO
- Patsy Ann (Pat) Danner D-MO
- Harold Lee Volkmer D-MO
- Jamie Lloyd Whitten D-MS
- Gillespie V. (Sonny) Montgomery D-MS
- Michael (Mike) Parker D-MS
- Gary Eugene (Gene) Taylor D-MS
- John Patrick Williams D-MT
- Eva M. Clayton D-NC
- Itimous Thaddeus (Tim) Valentine Jr. D-NC
- H. Martin Lancaster D-NC
- David Eugene Price D-NC
- Stephen Lybrook Neal D-NC
- Charles Grandison Rose III D-NC
- Willie Gathrel (Bill) Hefner D-NC
- Melvin L. Watt D-NC
- Earl Ralph Pomeroy III D-ND
- Peter J. Hoagland D-NE
- Richard Swett D-NH
- Robert Ernest Andrews D-NJ
- William John Hughes D-NJ
- Christopher Henry Smith R-NJ
- Frank Pallone Jr. D-NJ
- Herbert C. Klein D-NJ
- Robert Guy Torricelli D-NJ
- Donald Milford Payne D-NJ
- Robert Menendez D-NJ
- Bill Richardson D-NM
- James Hubert Bilbray D-NV
- Barbara Farrell Vucanovich R-NV
- George Joseph Hochbrueckner D-NY
- Enrico A. (Rick) Lazio R-NY
- Floyd Harold Flake D-NY
- Thomas J. Manton D-NY
- Jerrold Lewis Nadler D-NY
- Charles Ellis (Chuck) Schumer D-NY
- Major Robert Odell Owens D-NY
- Nydia M. Velázquez D-NY
- Susan Molinari R-NY
- Carolyn Bosher Maloney D-NY
- Charles B. Rangel D-NY
- José E. Serrano D-NY
- Eliot Lance Engel D-NY
- Nita M. Lowey D-NY
- Hamilton Fish Jr. R-NY
- Benjamin Arthur Gilman R-NY
- Sherwood Louis Boehlert R-NY
- James T. Walsh R-NY
- Maurice Dunlea Hinchey D-NY
- Louise McIntosh Slaughter D-NY
- John Joseph Lafalce D-NY
- John Francis (Jack) Quinn R-NY
- David Scott Mann D-OH
- Tony Patrick Hall D-OH
- Paul Eugene Gillmor R-OH
- Ted Strickland D-OH
- Marcia Carolyn (Marcy) Kaptur D-OH
- Louis Stokes D-OH
- Sherrod Brown D-OH
- Thomas Charles Sawyer D-OH
- James A. Traficant Jr. D-OH
- Eric D. Fingerhut D-OH
- William K. Brewster D-OK
- Elizabeth Furse D-OR
- Ronald Lee Wyden D-OR
- Peter Anthony Defazio D-OR
- Michael J. Kopetski D-OR
- Thomas Michael Foglietta D-PA
- Lucien Edward Blackwell D-PA
- Robert Anthony Borski Jr. D-PA
- Ronald Klink D-PA
- Thomas Timothy (Tim) Holden D-PA
- Paul E. Kanjorski D-PA
- John Patrick Murtha Jr. D-PA
- Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky D-PA
- William Joseph Coyne D-PA
- Paul F. Mchale Jr. D-PA
- Austin John Murphy D-PA
- Ronald K. Machtley R-RI
- John F. (Jack) Reed D-RI
- Butler Carson Derrick Jr. D-SC
- James Enos Clyburn D-SC
- Timothy Peter (Tim) Johnson D-SD
- Marilyn Laird Lloyd D-TN
- James Hayes Shofner Cooper D-TN
- Robert Nelson Clement D-TN
- John S. Tanner D-TN
- Harold Eugene Ford D-TN
- Jim Chapman D-TX
- Charles Wilson D-TX
- Ralph Moody Hall D-TX
- John Wiley Bryant D-TX
- James Jarrell (Jake) Pickle D-TX
- Thomas Chester (Chet) Edwards D-TX
- Preston M. (Pete) Geren D-TX
- William Sarpalius D-TX
- Gregory H. Laughlin D-TX
- Eligio De La Garza II (Kika) D-TX
- Ronald D'Emory Coleman D-TX
- Henry B. González D-TX
- Jonas Martin Frost D-TX
- Michael Allen Andrews D-TX
- Solomon P. Ortiz D-TX
- Frank Tejeda D-TX
- Raymond Eugene (Gene) Green D-TX
- Eddie Bernice Johnson D-TX
- Karen Shepherd D-UT
- William Orton D-UT
- Owen Bradford Pickett D-VA
- Robert C. Scott D-VA
- Norman Sisisky D-VA
- Lewis Franklin Payne Jr. D-VA
- James P. Moran D-VA
- Frederick C. Boucher D-VA
- Leslie Larkin Byrne D-VA
- Bernard Sanders I-VT
- Maria E. Cantwell D-WA
- Allan Byron Swift D-WA
- Jolene Unsoeld D-WA
- Jay Robert Inslee D-WA
- Thomas Stephen Foley D-WA
- Norman DeValois Dicks D-WA
- James A. Mcdermott D-WA
- Myron Bradford (Mike) Kreidler D-WA
- Scott L. Klug R-WI
- Gerald Daniel Kleczka D-WI
- Thomas M. Barrett D-WI
- Alan Bowlby Mollohan D-WV
- Robert Ellsworth Wise Jr. D-WV
- Nick Joe Rahall II D-WV
How each representative voted: No
- Donald Edwin Young R-AK
- Robert Terry Everett R-AL
- Spencer T. Bachus III R-AL
- Timothy Hutchinson R-AR
- Jay W. Dickey Jr. R-AR
- Robert Lee Stump R-AZ
- Jon Llewellyn Kyl R-AZ
- James Thomas Kolbe R-AZ
- Walter William (Wally) Herger R-CA
- John Taylor Doolittle R-CA
- William P. Baker R-CA
- Richard William Pombo R-CA
- Howard P. (Buck) Mckeon R-CA
- Carlos John Moorhead R-CA
- David Timothy Dreier R-CA
- Edward Randall Royce R-CA
- Charles Jeremy (Jerry) Lewis R-CA
- Jay C. Kim R-CA
- Alfred A. Mccandless R-CA
- Dana Rohrabacher R-CA
- Robert Kenneth Dornan R-CA
- Charles Christopher Cox R-CA
- Ronald C. Packard R-CA
- Duncan Lee Hunter R-CA
- Scott Mcinnis R-CO
- A. Wayne Allard R-CO
- Joel M. Hefley R-CO
- Daniel Schaefer R-CO
- Tillie Kidd Fowler R-FL
- Clifford Bundy Stearns R-FL
- John L. Mica R-FL
- Ira William Mccollum Jr. (Bill) R-FL
- Michael Bilirakis R-FL
- Charles William (Bill) Young R-FL
- Charles Terrance Canady R-FL
- Daniel Miller R-FL
- Porter J. Goss R-FL
- Thomas F. Lewis R-FL
- Jack Kingston R-GA
- Michael Allen (Mac) Collins R-GA
- John Elmer Linder R-GA
- John Nathan Deal D-GA
- James Ross Lightfoot R-IA
- Michael Dean Crapo R-ID
- Henry John Hyde R-IL
- Philip Miller Crane R-IL
- Harris W. Fawell R-IL
- John Dennis Hastert R-IL
- Thomas W. Ewing R-IL
- Donald A. Manzullo R-IL
- Robert Henry Michel R-IL
- Stephen Earle Buyer R-IN
- Danny Lee Burton R-IN
- John Thomas Myers R-IN
- Charles Patrick (Pat) Roberts R-KS
- Ron Lewis R-KY
- James Paul David Bunning R-KY
- Robert Linlithgow Livingston Jr. R-LA
- Wayne Thomas Gilchrest R-MD
- Helen Delich Bentley R-MD
- Roscoe Gardner Bartlett R-MD
- Peter Hoekstra R-MI
- Vernon James Ehlers R-MI
- David Lee Camp R-MI
- Frederick Stephen Upton R-MI
- Nick H. Smith R-MI
- Joseph Knollenberg R-MI
- James (Jim) Ramstad R-MN
- James Matthes Talent R-MO
- Melton D. (Mel) Hancock R-MO
- Norvell William (Bill) Emerson R-MO
- Howard Coble R-NC
- Cass Ballenger R-NC
- Charles Hart Taylor R-NC
- Douglas Kent Bereuter R-NE
- William E. Barrett R-NE
- William H. Zeliff Jr. R-NH
- Hugh James Saxton R-NJ
- Robert Douglas Franks R-NJ
- Richard Zimmer R-NJ
- Steven Harvey Schiff R-NM
- Joseph Richard Skeen R-NM
- Peter T. King R-NY
- David A. Levy R-NY
- John Michael Mchugh R-NY
- L. William Paxon R-NY
- Amory Houghton Jr. R-NY
- Robert Jones (Rob) Portman R-OH
- Michael Garver Oxley R-OH
- David Lee Hobson R-OH
- John Andrew Boehner R-OH
- Martin R. Hoke R-OH
- John Richard Kasich R-OH
- Deborah D. Pryce R-OH
- Ralph Straus Regula R-OH
- Ernest James Istook Jr. R-OK
- Frank D. Lucas R-OK
- William Floyd Clinger Jr. R-PA
- Wayne Curtis (Curt) Weldon R-PA
- James Charles Greenwood R-PA
- E. G. (Bud) Shuster R-PA
- Robert Smith Walker R-PA
- George William Gekas R-PA
- Richard John (Rick) Santorum R-PA
- William Franklin Goodling R-PA
- Thomas Joseph Ridge R-PA
- Floyd Davidson Spence R-SC
- Robert Durden Inglis R-SC
- John J. Duncan Jr. R-TN
- Sam Johnson R-TX
- Joe Linus Barton R-TX
- William Reynolds Archer Jr. R-TX
- Jack Milton Fields Jr. R-TX
- Charles Walter Stenholm D-TX
- Larry Ed Combest R-TX
- Lamar Seeligson Smith R-TX
- Thomas Dale Delay R-TX
- Henry Bonilla R-TX
- Richard Keith Armey R-TX
- James Vear Hansen R-UT
- Herbert Harvell Bateman R-VA
- Robert William Goodlatte R-VA
- Thomas Jerome Bliley Jr. R-VA
- Frank Rudolph Wolf R-VA
- Jennifer Blackburn Dunn R-WA
- Peter William Barca D-WI
- Steven Craig Gunderson R-WI
- Thomas Evert Petri R-WI
- David Ross Obey D-WI
- Toby A. Roth R-WI
- Frank James Sensenbrenner Jr. R-WI
- Craig Lyle Thomas R-WY
Did not vote
- Herbert Leon (Sonny) Callahan R-AL
- Eni F. H. Faleomavaega D-AS
- Thomas Peter Lantos D-CA
- Norman Y. Mineta D-CA
- Leon Edward Panetta D-CA
- Elton W. Gallegly R-CA
- Howard Lawrence Berman D-CA
- Ken Calvert R-CA
- Eleanor Holmes Norton D-DC
- Earl Dewitt Hutto D-FL
- Sam Melville Gibbons D-FL
- Harry A. Johnston II D-FL
- Eugene Clay Shaw Jr. R-FL
- Newton Leroy Gingrich R-GA
- Robert A. Underwood D-GU
- Frederick Lawrence Grandy R-IA
- William Oliver Lipinski D-IL
- James Charles Slattery D-KS
- William Huston Natcher D-KY
- Cleo Fields D-LA
- James O. Mccrery III R-LA
- Richard Hugh Baker R-LA
- James Allison Hayes D-LA
- Paul B. Henry R-MI
- Rod Grams R-MN
- Alan Dupree Wheat D-MO
- Alphonso Michael (Mike) Espy D-MS
- Bennie Thompson D-MS
- John Alexander Mcmillan III (Alex) R-NC
- Margaret Scafati Roukema R-NJ
- Dean Anderson Gallo R-NJ
- Gary Leonard Ackerman D-NY
- Edolphus Towns D-NY
- Michael Robert Mcnulty D-NY
- Gerald Brooks Hunt Solomon R-NY
- Willis David Gradison Jr. R-OH
- Douglas Earl Applegate D-OH
- James Mountain Inhofe R-OK
- Michael Lynn Synar D-OK
- David Keith Mccurdy D-OK
- Glenn Lee English Jr. D-OK
- Robert Freeman Smith R-OR
- Joseph Michael Mcdade R-PA
- Carlos A. Romero-Barceló D-PR
- Arthur Ravenel Jr. R-SC
- John McKee Spratt Jr. D-SC
- James Henry Quillen R-TN
- Barton Jennings Gordon D-TN
- Donald Kenneth Sundquist R-TN
- Jack Bascom Brooks D-TX
- Craig Anthony Washington D-TX
- Ron De Lugo D-VI
Other votes
From Voteview roll call records.
Cite or embed this page
Capitol Receipts, “Improving america’s school act: House Vote, Sep 30, 1994,” https://www.capitolreceipts.com/vote/103-H-1044/improving-americas-school-act (accessed 2026-10-13).